The solo forms consist of properly drawing, cutting and returning the sword to the scabbard. All forms emphasize etiquette in the respectful handling of the sword. Iaido training consists of solo kata (forms) and partner forms, called kumidachi. Iaido, as the sword-drawing forms became known in the 1930s, is now used not only to teach sword techniques but as a form of mental and physical discipline, emphasizing correct technique and form, meditation and character development. While kenjutsu and sword-drawing techniques (batto-ho) were originally taught together, they are now usually, but not always, taught as separate art forms. Basic iaido kata combines drawing the sword with either a defensive block or cut, usually followed by another cut, then chiburi (moving the blade in such as way as to remove blood and tissue) and noto (returning the blade to the scabbard). Iaido contrasts with kenjutsu (combative swordsmanship), techniques done with swords already drawn, and kendo, the Japanese sport of fencing. Iaido is the contemporary Japanese art of drawing the long sword. Tsutomu Yamamoto, the head teacher of the Kenshinkan Dojoīy Deborah Klens-Bigman, PhD.
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